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Throughout history Puerto Ricans, including people of Puerto Rican descent, have gained notability as members of the military. They have served and have fought for many countries, such as Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Spain, the United States and Venezuela. Puerto Ricans have fought and defended their homeland against attacks from the Caribs and pirates. They fought against the invasions of foreign countries and defeated the British, French, and Dutch in doing so.〔Historias de Puerto Rico by Paul G. Miller, (1947) pgs. 221–237〕 They fought alongside General Bernardo de Gálvez during the American Revolutionary War in the battles of Baton Rouge, Mobile, Pensacola and St. Louis.〔''Bernardo De Galvez: Hero of the American Revolution'' by Lorenzo G. Lafarelle, p. 57 Pub. Eakin Press and Marion Koogler McNay (1992), ISBN 978-0-89015-849-4〕 and in Europe against the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Siege of Saragossa.〔 Puerto Ricans such as Augusto Rodríguez, who resided in the United States in the mid-19th century, fought in the American Civil War. They also fought against the Spanish Empire. They fought for Mexico's independence and in the Latin American wars of independence alongside Simón Bolívar.〔''General Antonio Valero de Bernabé y su aventura de libertad: De Puerto Rico a San Sebastian by Lucas G. Castillo Lara (1991) Pub. Academia Nacional de Historia, ISBN 978-980-222-616-0〕 In Puerto Rico they revolted against Spanish rule and fought for Puerto Rico's independence in the ''Grito de Lares'' and in the ''Intentona de Yauco''. They also fought for Cuba's independence in the Ten Years' War alongside General Máximo Gómez and as members of the Cuban Liberation Army alongside José Martí. At the end of the 19th century, Puerto Ricans fought alongside their Spanish counterparts in the Spanish–American War against the United States in the Battle of San Juan Hill; in Cuba as members of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Puerto Rican Provisional Battalions;〔(Tropas de España en Puerto )〕 and in Puerto Rico when the American military forces invaded the island, in what is known as the Puerto Rican Campaign. They also fought against the "Tagalos" during the Philippine Revolution. Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898. Upon the outbreak of World War I, the U.S. Congress approved the Jones–Shafroth Act, which gave Puerto Ricans a limited citizenship. As a result, many Puerto Ricans, with the exception of women, became eligible for the military draft. However they were, and still are, not permitted to vote for the President of the United States, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, while residing on the island. ==World War I== In World War I Puerto Ricans opened fire, in what is considered to be the first shot of that war on behalf of the United States, on an armed German supply ship trying to force its way out of San Juan Bay.〔(house of Puerto Rico San Diego )〕 As members of the "Porto Rico Regiment" they were sent to Panama to guard and defend the Panama Canal Zone. In New York, many Puerto Ricans of African descent joined the 396th Infantry Regiment which was mostly composed of African Americans. As members of the 396th Infantry Regiment, also known as the "Harlem Hellfighters," they were not allowed to fight alongside their white counterparts; however, they were permitted to fight as members of a French unit in French uniforms and were awarded the French Croix de guerre.〔(Harlem Hell Fighters )〕 Before the United States entered World War II, Puerto Ricans were already fighting on European soil, not only in the Rif War,〔Juan Pando. Historia secreta de Annual. Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Colección: Historia. Madrid, 1999. (Spanish)〕 but also on both sides of the Spanish Civil War.〔(Historia )〕〔(Carmelo Delgado ). Retrieved November 12, 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Puerto Rican military personnel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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